Damage, assembly, maintenance and repair of NSK imported bearings
Not all damaged NSK bearings can be repaired, but for each damaged bearing, the cause and extent of damage must be evaluated to avoid or reduce re-damage before considering repairing or replacing a new bearing. There are many causes of bearing damage, such as improper installation, dirt intrusion or moisture intrusion, which are common causes of early damage in many bearings. Analysis of common causes of damage to NSK bearings and corresponding precautions to extend bearing life.
A. Improper operation:
Improper installation, operation or disassembly may cause deformation or defect of the cage
Precautions: Use appropriate handling, installation and removal tools
B. Insufficient lubrication:
Insufficient or improper lubrication may result in component scratches or severe bearing deformation
Precautions: Improve the lubrication system and properly replenish or replace the lubricant at regular intervals
C. Rusty and corrosion:
Contact with water can cause the bearing components to erode and rust. Bearings after rust damage may cause spalling during work
Precautions: Regularly check the seal to ensure a good sealing effect and properly store the bearing
D. Current:
Powering up the bearing as it rotates may result in grooves or nicks. Improper electrical grounding can cause minor burns when the bearing is stationary
Precautions: Reduce or avoid current flow through the bearings by properly grounding connections before soldering components other than bearings
E. External materials:
Wear particle contamination and debris intrusion may cause wear, abrasion and dents on the bearing face
Precautions: Remove invading particles and debris, replace lubricant, check sealing system
F. eccentric:
Eccentricity, tilting, or excessive loading can cause geometric stress concentrations or surface spalling
Precautions: Precisely machined housings and shoulders
When the NSK imported bearing equipment is regularly inspected and operated, and the bearings that have been removed during the replacement of the peripheral parts are stopped, it is necessary to determine whether the secondary bearing parts can be reused and the operation status is better or worse.
Secondly, check the raceway surface of the bearing, the condition of the rolling surface and the joint surface, and the damage and abnormal conditions of the truss wear. It is necessary to check the running track of the raceway surface. To determine whether the bearing can be used again, it is necessary to consider the level of bearing damage, mechanical function, primacy, operational premise, and inspection cycle.
If the bearing is found to be damaged or abnormal, please find out the cause according to the phenomenon of bearing damage and formulate countermeasures. In addition, the inspection effect, if there are the following defects, the bearing can no longer be used, the need to change the new bearing.https://www.supplyforever.com/
The importance of NSK bearing grease stability
In general, the amount of grease in the NSK bearing always exceeds the actual amount required to directly participate in the lubrication, in the cavity of the holder and the bearing cover, and forms a contour on the periphery of the rolling element. During this process, the bearing temperature rises rapidly due to the resistance of the excess grease. Although most of the excess grease is squeezed out at the beginning of the run, the grease that is squeezed into the raceway attachment may still be carried by the rolling element into the raceway. In the early stages of the bearing, most of the grease is squeezed out of the raceway very quickly (less than a minute), and the build-up grease is discharged a small amount while circulating along with the bearing rotor. At this time, the bearing temperature continues to rise until the excess bearing grease is completely discharged, which can be called the walking phase of the grease. According to the grease quality and filling amount in the bearing structure, this time may last for more than ten. Minutes, even hours.
After the remaining bearing grease is completely discharged, the remaining small amount of grease forms a thin layer of grease film on the mutual contact surface of the rolling element, the raceway and the cage, thereby entering the normal stage of the bearing. . At this time, the temperature gradually drops and reaches equilibrium. In other words, long-term lubrication is mainly borne by this layer of grease film. In addition, during the long-term operation of the bearing, the contour of the rolling element and the raceway and the grease on the cage are shrunk to separate a part of the base oil, and after flowing into the raceway, the lubrication is also supplemented. .
Different bearing greases are not the same in the contours of the bearings. It is necessary to form a contour that is relatively straightforward. The running time is short. In the long-term operation, the bearing temperature is low and stable. This is an ideal one. Grease is especially important for grease channeling.
Some so-called eddy-flow greases are not easy to form contours, and even if they are contoured, they are easy to collapse. At this time, the excess grease repeatedly returned to the raceway is in a state of being strongly stirred for a long time, and the bearing torque is large and the temperature is high. Unbalanced, noise may also be generated, and grease is also prone to deterioration and loss.
NSK bearing temperature rise treatment
When the bearing temperature rises, first judge whether it is malfunctioning. If it does rise, it should be treated as follows:
(1). Check the cooling water pressure, water flow and piping system is normal. If the water pressure is low, the filter may be clogged and cannot be disposed of in time. It can be shut down and put into use when it is confirmed that it can work.
(2). Check the oil pressure of the governor. If the oil pressure is low, the cooling water hydraulic valve may be closed.
(3). Check if the bearing has abnormal sound, NSK bearing and check if the bearing swing is abnormal.
(4). Observe the oil sample to see if there is any change in the oil color, and test it to see if it has deteriorated. If deterioration is confirmed, stop replacing the new oil.
(5). Check if the oil level is normal. If it is not normal, check if the oil drain valve is closed. If it is closed, it should be replenished. If the gasket is oily, it should be stopped.
When we use NSK bearings, if we find that the temperature is very high, we will stop the equipment operation, find out the cause, and deal with the solution provided above, but it may be caused by the heat of the bearing. Therefore, the solution is different, so it is still necessary to treat the specific situation and complete it with the help of technicians.https://www.supplyforever.com/
Analysis of the Influence of TIMKEN Micro-bearing Lubrication Method on Performance
When testing the advantages of chrome steel and stainless steel as TIMKEN bearing materials, they were found to not only have rust preventive effects. Chrome steel is the most common miniature bearing material. It is harder than stainless steel, so it lasts longer. However, at higher temperatures, its performance is not good.
At a high temperature of 120C, it undergoes tremendous deformation and the load is reduced. It can withstand a high temperature of 150C, but an instantaneous temperature of 150C or higher will reduce the life of the imported bearings. The heat treatment can subject the bearing to an elevated temperature of 170C.
The purpose of lubrication of TIMKEN bearings is to reduce internal friction and wear of the bearings, to prevent sticking, and the lubricating effect is as follows.
(1). Reduce friction and wear.
In the mutual contact portion of the ferrule, the rolling element and the retainer constituting the micro bearing, metal contact is prevented, and friction and wear are reduced.
(2). Extend fatigue life.
The rolling fatigue life of the bearing is prolonged when the rolling contact surface is well lubricated during rotation. Conversely, if the oil viscosity is low and the thickness of the lubricating oil film is not good, it is shortened.
(3). Discharge friction heat, cooling
The circulation oil supply method or the like can be used to discharge heat generated by friction or heat from the outside to cool. Prevent the bearing from overheating and prevent the lubricant from aging itself.
(4). Other
There is also the effect of preventing foreign matter from entering the inside of the bearing or preventing rust and corrosion.
Lubrication method:
The lubrication method of TIMKEN bearings is divided into grease lubrication and oil lubrication. In order to make the miniature bearing function well, first of all, it is necessary to select a lubrication method suitable for the conditions of use and purpose of use. Lubricity of oil lubrication predominates if only lubrication is considered. However, grease lubrication has the advantage of simplifying the structure around the bearing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of grease lubrication and oil lubrication.
The most common stainless steel 440 for miniature bearings, it is hard enough and strong to load (20% less than brass steel), but it can resist rust, can withstand the instantaneous high temperature of 250C and the continuous high temperature of 300C. We often mistakenly think that all stainless steel is non-magnetic. 440 stainless steel is magnetic. It is not completely rust-proof, but is affected by salt, acid and alkali. The 316 grade has good rust resistance, no magnetic, but it is softer and therefore has less load. Because it is not strong, the 316 bearing is not accurate and feels rough.https://www.supplyforever.com/
Matching and preloading of household appliance bearings
Core Tip: The role of pre-tightening Pre-tightening refers to the use of the bearing in the play by changing the relative position of the inner and outer rings before the bearing is loaded. For household appliances bearings, the main pre-tightening
Preloading effect
Preloading refers to the use of the bearing in the play by changing the relative position of the inner and outer rings before the bearing is loaded. For household appliances bearings, the main role of pre-tightening is to improve bearing stiffness and suppress vibration noise.
Preload on the bearing noise
When the bearing is subjected to radial load, due to the radial clearance, only part of the steel ball is subjected to load (ABC in the figure), which is called the bearing area, and the other is called the non-bearing area. During the movement of the steel ball from the D to the D' in the non-bearing zone, the magnitude and direction of the combined force of the self-weight and the centrifugal force of the steel ball constantly change, and the steel balls alternately collide with the inner and outer ring raceways, so that abnormal noise is generated inside the bearing. This abnormal sound can be eliminated by preloading the bearing.
However, if the pre-tightening force is too large, the bearing friction increases, the temperature rises, and the noise life of the bearing decreases. Therefore, it is important to choose a suitable preload.
The structure of NSK common dust cover and sealing ring is shown in the figure below. The dust cover (ZZ) is stamped from a steel plate, and the seal ring is made of rubber covered with steel. Among them, the sealing ring is divided into two types: non-contact type (VV) and contact type (DDU, DDW).https://www.supplyforever.com/
The characteristics and development history of foreign bearing industry
Core Tip: The development of the world's bearings has gone through three stages, in which it has experienced many difficulties and obstacles, and finally achieved the glory of the bearing industry. The world's bearing industry emerged from the end of the 19th century to the second
The development of the world's bearings has gone through three stages, in which it has experienced many difficulties and obstacles, and finally achieved the glory of the bearing industry.
The world's bearing industry began in the late 19th century to the early 20th century. In 1880, the United Kingdom began to produce bearings. In 1883, Germany established the world's first bearing company (FAG George Shaver). In 1889, the United States opened the ND bearing factory (now the General Motors Bearing Company's new Diocletian Hyde Bearing Division). Other large bearing companies in Europe and the United States basically laid the foundation for today in the early 20th century. After the Japanese bearing industry was formed in Europe and the United States, SKF Sweden provided samples to Japan in 1910, making the "bearing" appear in Japan for the first time alone. Since then, Japan NSK, NTN and other bearing companies have been established in 1914 and 1918. The bearing industry in the third world countries started later, and it is in a relatively backward situation like the entire science and technology and machinery industry.
Generally speaking, the formation and development of the world bearing industry has gone through three stages:
The first phase, the initial stage of the world bearing industry, was from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, bearing inventions and applications have been around for a while, and the industrial production of bearings has grown from scratch, just starting, quite naive. The main features are:
1. The production scale is extremely small. A large factory has only a dozen to a few hundred people. The daily output is only a few sets to several hundred sets, which belongs to hand workshop production;
2, the equipment is simple, the technology is backward, mostly based on experience;
3, the material is mainly carbon steel, the precision is not high, the price is expensive;
4, very few varieties, the use is very limited. At that time, bearing production technology was only in the hands of a few companies such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, and the United States.
The second phase, the growth phase of the world's bearing industry, was about the end of the First World War and after the Second World War. The two world wars stimulated the development of military industry, the increasing position of bearings in the military industry, coupled with the rapid development of science and technology, the short-term stability after World War I and the urgent need for arms in World War II, prompting the rapid development of the world bearing industry. The main features are:
1. The scale of production has expanded rapidly and the output has increased rapidly. The annual output of major bearing producing countries exceeds 35 million sets;
2, the production equipment is perfect, the technical means is advanced, and the mass production is generally adopted;
3. The bearing material has been developed to alloy steel such as chrome steel, and the quality of the product has been greatly improved;
4, bearing varieties increased, widely used in automobiles, aircraft, tanks, armored vehicles, machine tools, instruments, meters, sewing machines and many other fields. During this period, people's awareness and attention to bearings rose to an unprecedented height.https://www.supplyforever.com/
Bearing type selection
Core Tip: With the development of the bearing industry, the bearing types are also increasing, so it is crucial for the customer to fully grasp the conditions of use of the bearing when selecting the bearing type. Next, China Bearing Network lists the main analysis items in the following table: Selection method
With the development of the bearing industry, there are more and more bearing types, so it is crucial for the customer to fully grasp the conditions of use of the bearing when selecting the bearing type. Next, China Bearing Network lists the main analysis items in the following table: Selection method
1) Bearing installation space Bearing type that can be accommodated in the bearing installation space Since the rigidity and strength of the shaft are important when designing the shaft system, the shaft diameter, that is, the inner diameter of the bearing, is generally determined first. However, rolling bearings are available in a variety of sizes and types, and the most suitable bearing type should be selected.
2) The size, direction and nature of the load bearing load [The bearing capacity of the bearing is expressed by the basic rated load, and its value is shown in the bearing size table] The bearing load is rich, such as the magnitude of the load, whether there is only radial load, axial load Whether it is one-way or two-way, the degree of vibration or shock, and so on. After considering these factors, choose the most suitable bearing type. In general, the radial load capacity of bearings of the same inner diameter is increased in the following order: deep groove ball bearings < angular contact ball bearings < cylindrical roller bearings < tapered roller bearings < spherical roller bearings
3) The bearing type whose speed can adapt to the mechanical speed [the limit value of the bearing speed is expressed by the limit speed, and its value is shown in the bearing size table] The limit speed of the bearing is not only determined by the bearing type but also the bearing size, cage type, and accuracy grade. , load conditions and lubrication methods, etc., therefore, these factors must be considered when selecting. Most of the following bearings are used for high speed rotation: deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings
4) Rotational accuracy Bearing type with required rotation accuracy [The dimensional accuracy and rotation accuracy of bearings have been standardized by GB according to bearing type] Machine spindles, gas turbines and control machines require high rotational accuracy, high speed and low friction, respectively. Bearings with a precision of 5 or higher should be used. The following bearings are generally used: deep groove ball bearings, contact ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings
5) Rigidity The bearing type that satisfies the rigidity required for the mechanical shafting [when the bearing is subjected to load, the contact portion between the rolling element and the raceway is elastically deformed. "High rigidity" means that the amount of deformation of the elastic deformation is small.] In the machine tool spindle and the final stage of the vehicle, the rigidity of the shaft must be increased, and the rigidity of the bearing must be increased. The roller bearing is subjected to load deformation smaller than the ball bearing. Applying a preload (negative clearance) to the bearing increases rigidity. This method is suitable for angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller bearings.
Common terms and definitions of rolling bearings (1)
Core tips: one. Bearings: (1) Rolling Bearings 1. Rolling Bearings Rolling bearings that support rolling loads between parts that support the load and move relative to each other, including raceways
One. Bearings: (1) Rolling Bearings General 1. Rolling bearing A bearing that rolls between a bearing and a moving part relative to each other. It includes a raceway part and a rolling element set with or without isolation or guide. Can be used to withstand radial, axial or radial and axial combined loads. 2. Single row bearing single row bearing Rolling bearing with a row of rolling elements. 3. Double row bearing double row bearing Rolling bearing with two rows of rolling elements. 4. Multi-row bearing Multi-row bearing Roller bearing with more than two rows of rolling bearings, bearing the same direction of load, it is best to indicate the number of columns and bearing type, for example: "four-row radial cylindrical roller bearing". 5. Full complement rolling bearing Full complement bearing Bearings without cage, the sum of the clearances in the circumferential direction of each row of rolling elements is smaller than the diameter of the rolling elements and as small as possible, so that the bearing has good performance. 6. Angular contact bearing An angular contact bearing with a nominal contact angle greater than 0° and less than 90°. 7. Self-aligning bearing A raceway is a spherical shape that can accommodate the angular deviation and angular motion between the two raceways. 8. Separable bearings separable bearing Rolling bearings with separable components. 9. Non-separable bearing Non-separable bearing After the final assembly, the bearing ring is not free to separate the rolling bearing. Note: Ball bearings with separate halves (02, 01, 08) for different methods of separation of parts do not require abbreviated terminology. 10. Inch bearing inch bearing Original design dimensions and tolerances in inch units of rolling bearings. 11. Open bearing open bearing Rolling bearing without dust cover and sealing ring. 12. Sealed bearing A rolling bearing with a sealing ring on one or both sides. 13. Dust cover bearing shielded bearing A rolling bearing with a dust cover on one or both sides. 14. Closed bearing Capped bearing A rolling bearing with one or two sealing rings, one or two dust caps and a sealing ring and a dust cap. 15. Lubricated bearings prelubricated bearing Rolling bearings that have been filled with lubricants. 16. Instrument precision bearing Instrument precision bearing Instrument-specific rolling bearing. 17. Assembled bearings The matched bearing is a pair of rolling bearings. (2) Radial bearing 1. Radial bearing is mainly used for bearing radial load. The nominal contact angle is between 0° and 45°. The basic parts are inner ring, outer ring and with or without holding. The rolling body of the frame. 2. Radial contact bearing radial contact bearing A radial bearing with a nominal contact angle of 0°. 3. Angular contact radial bearing angular contact radial bearing A radial contact bearing with a nominal contact angle greater than 0° to 45°. 4. Spherical bearing insert bearing A radial bearing with a spherical outer surface and a wide inner ring with locking elements. Mainly used for simple housings. 5. Tapered bore bearing A radial roller bearing with a tapered bore in the inner ring. 6. Flange bearing flanged bearing On one of its ferrules, it is generally a radial bearing with an outer radial flange on the outer ring or conical outer ring. 7. Roller (rolling bearing) A radial roller bearing with a thick-section outer ring that rolls as a wheel on a rail, such as a cam rail. 8. Retaining ring type roller (rolling bearing) yoke type track roller (rolling bearing) Roller bearing with a pair of flat retaining rings. 9. Universal matching bearing When one or more sets of the same radial rolling bearing are used together, the characteristics specified in the first pair or group installation (3) thrust bearing can be obtained. 1. Thrust bearing The thrust bearing is mainly used for bearing axial load. Its nominal contact angle is more than 45° to 90. The basic parts are shaft ring, race and rolling element with or without cage. 2. Axial contact bearing Axial contact bearing A thrust bearing with a nominal contact angle of 90°. 3. Angular contact thrust bearing An angular contact thrust bearing with a nominal contact angle greater than 45° but less than 90°. 4. One-way thrust bearing single direction thrust bearing A thrust rolling bearing that can only bear axial loads in one direction. 5. Double-direction thrust bearing A thrust roller bearing that can withstand axial loads in both directions. 6. Double row double-direction thrust bearing A two-way thrust rolling bearing with two rows of rolling elements, each column bearing an axial load in only one direction. 7. Linear (motion) bearing linear (motion) bearing A two-roller rolling bearing with a relatively linear motion in the rolling direction.
SKF bearing limit speed problem and noise treatment method
(1) Rolling sound of imported bearings and its control method Rolling sound is a kind of slippery continuous sound that the rolling elements roll on the raceway surface when the bearing is running. It is the unique basic of all rolling bearings. sound. The general bearing sound is the rolling sound plus other sounds. The ball bearing's raceway sound is irregular, the frequency is above 1000Hz, its main frequency does not change with the speed, but its total sound pressure level increases with the increase of the speed. For bearings with large rolling sounds, the sound pressure level of the rolling track sound decreases with the increase of viscosity; while for SKF bearings with small rolling sound, the sound pressure level is reduced when the viscosity increases to above 20 mm2/s. Turned to increase. The greater the rigidity of the bearing housing, the lower the total sound pressure level of the raceway sound. If the radial clearance is too small, the total sound pressure level and main frequency of the raceway sound will increase sharply as the radial clearance decreases. The method of controlling the rolling sound is to select a low-noise bearing, that is, a bearing with a small waviness, and carefully select the conditions of use. The raceway sound often affects the noise of the entire machine, and reducing the raceway sound can reduce the noise of the entire machine.
(2) Impact sound of rolling element and its control method When the larger type of ball bearing or cylindrical roller bearing runs at low speed under pure radial load, the rolling element in the non-load area will be small due to the small centrifugal force of the rolling element. Noise is generated by impacting the cage or raceway. But as the speed increases, the sound will disappear. The control methods for the impact sound of the rolling element are: appropriately reducing the radial clearance, and using a bearing having a reasonable structure and a flexible material.
(3) Bearing rolling sound and its control method Rolling sound is a harsh metal friction sound that can occur in cylindrical roller bearings in all occasions, mostly in the grease-lubricated larger type SKF bearing, and in the base oil Greases with degraded performance are more likely to occur and hardly occur when oil is lubricated. In addition, it is more likely to occur in winter. When subjected to pure radial load, it is easy to occur in the case of large radial clearance, and it is easy to occur in a certain speed range depending on the size of the model, and it will occur continuously. It will appear intermittently. Foreign raceway take special processing methods to prevent sound jarring, use this bearing, if necessary or appropriate to reduce the radial bearing clearance, excellent performance and improve the grease to match the mechanical rigidity of the bearing .
Bearing lubrication methods are broadly classified into grease lubrication and oil lubrication. To fully utilize the bearing function, it is important to use the lubrication method for the purpose of reduction and use. Table 4-2 shows the advantages and disadvantages of grease lubrication and oil lubrication. Third, grease lubrication Grease is a lubricant composed of base oil, thickener and additives. When choosing, you should choose the oil that is very suitable for the bearing conditions. The trademarks will be different, and the performance will be very different. When choosing, you must pay attention.
Common greases for bearings include calcium-based greases, sodium-based greases, calcium-sodium-based greases, lithium-based greases, aluminum-based greases, and molybdenum disulfide greases.
The amount of grease filled in the SKF bearing is suitable for filling the inner space of the bearing by 1/2-1/3. It should be reduced to 1/3 at high speed. Excessive grease will increase the temperature rise. Fourth, the choice of grease When the working temperature is selected grease, the main indicators should be the dropping point, oxidation stability and low temperature performance, the dropping point can generally be used to evaluate the high temperature performance, the actual working temperature of the bearing should be lower than the dropping point of 10-20 °C. Synthetic grease should be used at a temperature below the drop point of 20-30 °C.
When selecting the grease for the bearing load, the small grease should be selected for the heavy load. When working under high pressure, in addition to the small penetration, it also has higher oil film strength and extreme pressure performance.
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Analysis of the causes of NSK bearing vibration and noise
Usually when we use imported bearings, the temperature rises after starting to run for a while, but the normal temperature is about 10~40 degrees. It is normal in the range of this value. Some bearings are operated in size and size. Different speeds and lubrication methods result in some bearings heating up slowly.
When the abnormal temperature rises when the NSK bearing does not reach the normal state, the following influencing factors can be considered, and then the rapid shutdown processing will inevitably cause unnecessary loss.
First, the main reason for the abnormal temperature rise of the bearing
Second, the bearing lubricant is too much or too little.
Third, the bearing is not properly installed.
Fourth, the internal clearance of the bearing is too small, or the load is too large.
Fifth, the friction of the bearing seal is too large.
Only if you know the cause of the temperature rise of the bearing clearly can you find a better solution.
Rolling bearings show late fault characteristics to serious faults (generally bearing damage such as axles, burns, sand cracks, raceways, bead wear, etc.) are not more than one week. The larger the equipment capacity, the faster the speed. The shorter the interval. Therefore, in the actual rolling bearing fault diagnosis, once the late fault characteristics are found, the NSK bearing should be judged decisively and the repair should be arranged as soon as possible.
Rolling bearing vibration and noise begin to increase
After a period of motion, the vibration and noise are maintained at a certain level, and the spectrum is very single, only one or two times the frequency. There are very few spectrums above the power frequency, and the bearing status is very stable and enters a stable working period. After continuing to run, the vibration and noise of the rolling bearing begin to increase, and sometimes abnormal sounds appear, but the change of vibration increases slowly. At this time, the bearing kurtness value suddenly reaches a certain value. We believe that the rolling bearing is an initial failure at this time.
NSK bearings are manufactured through multiple processes such as forging, heat treatment, turning, grinding and assembly. The rationality, advancement and stability of each processing technology will also affect the life of the bearing. Thermal processing and grinding processes that affect the quality of scrap bearings are often more directly related to bearing failure. In recent years, the research on the turbulent layer of the bearing working surface indicates that the grinding process is closely related to the bearing surface quality.
The primary obligation of bearing life analysis is to find out the primary factors that constitute bearing failure based on a large number of configuration data, analysis data and failure mode, so as to propose improvement measures in a targeted manner, delay the decommissioning period of NSK bearings, and avoid bearings. An early failure of a sudden fire.
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Extend the life cycle of TIMKEN angular contact ball bearings from maintenance
The main task of angular contact ball bearing failure analysis is to find out the main factors causing bearing failure based on a large number of background materials, analysis data and failure modes, so as to propose improvement measures in a targeted manner, extend the service life of bearings, and avoid TIMKEN bearings. A sudden early failure occurred.
First of all, the structural design is reasonable and advanced, so that there will be a long angular contact ball bearing life. Bearings are generally manufactured through multiple processes such as forging, heat treatment, turning, grinding and assembly. The rationality, advancement and stability of each processing technology will also affect the life of the bearing. The heat treatment and grinding processes that affect the quality of the finished TIMKEN bearing often have a more direct relationship with the failure of the bearing. In recent years, research on the metamorphic layer of bearing working surface shows that the grinding process is closely related to the bearing surface quality.
1, pay attention to the installation of the bearing
Whether the bearing is installed correctly affects accuracy, life and performance. Therefore, the design and assembly department should fully study the installation of bearing products. I hope to install according to the operating standards. The items of the job standard are usually as follows:
(1) cleaning the bearing and bearing related components;
(2) Check the size and finishing of the connected components;
(3) installation;
(4) Inspection after installing the bearing;
(5) Supply lubricant. Carefully do the five steps of bearing installation
2, alignment, straightening
After the TIMKEN bearing is installed, alignment may result in additional loads, friction and vibration of the bearing if not carefully aligned. These can accelerate fatigue and reduce the service life of bearing products and can damage the life of other machine parts. In addition, increased vibration and friction can greatly increase energy consumption and risk of premature failure.
3. Basic condition monitoring
During use, the basic external conditions of the bearing operation are often monitored, such as temperature, vibration and noise measurements. Bearing experts point out that these regular inspections will identify potential problems early and will prevent unexpected machine stops, enabling production plans, increased plant productivity and efficiency.
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Analysis of the Influence of TIMKEN Micro-bearing Lubrication Method on Performance
When testing the advantages of chrome steel and stainless steel as TIMKEN bearing materials, they were found to not only have rust preventive effects. Chrome steel is the most common miniature bearing material. It is harder than stainless steel, so it lasts longer. However, at higher temperatures, its performance is not good.
At a high temperature of 120C, it undergoes tremendous deformation and the load is reduced. It can withstand a high temperature of 150C, but an instantaneous temperature of 150C or higher will reduce the life of the imported bearings. The heat treatment can subject the bearing to an elevated temperature of 170C.
The purpose of lubrication of TIMKEN bearings is to reduce internal friction and wear of the bearings, to prevent sticking, and the lubricating effect is as follows.
(1). Reduce friction and wear.
In the mutual contact portion of the ferrule, the rolling element and the retainer constituting the micro bearing, metal contact is prevented, and friction and wear are reduced.
(2). Extend fatigue life.
The rolling fatigue life of the bearing is prolonged when the rolling contact surface is well lubricated during rotation. Conversely, if the oil viscosity is low and the thickness of the lubricating oil film is not good, it is shortened.
(3). Discharge friction heat, cooling
The circulation oil supply method or the like can be used to discharge heat generated by friction or heat from the outside to cool. Prevent the bearing from overheating and prevent the lubricant from aging itself.
(4). Other
There is also the effect of preventing foreign matter from entering the inside of the bearing or preventing rust and corrosion.
Lubrication method:
The lubrication method of TIMKEN bearings is divided into grease lubrication and oil lubrication. In order to make the miniature bearing function well, first of all, it is necessary to select a lubrication method suitable for the conditions of use and purpose of use. Lubricity of oil lubrication predominates if only lubrication is considered. However, grease lubrication has the advantage of simplifying the structure around the bearing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of grease lubrication and oil lubrication.
The most common stainless steel 440 for miniature bearings, it is hard enough and strong to load (20% less than brass steel), but it can resist rust, can withstand the instantaneous high temperature of 250C and the continuous high temperature of 300C. We often mistakenly think that all stainless steel is non-magnetic. 440 stainless steel is magnetic. It is not completely rust-proof, but is affected by salt, acid and alkali. The 316 grade has good rust resistance, no magnetic, but it is softer and therefore has less load. Because it is not strong, the 316 bearing is not accurate and feels rough.
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Low noise sealed grease for imported bearings
1. General low noise motor imported bearing grease
In the imported bearing industry, this grease is the most widely used, accounting for about 70% of the total grease. Because this type of grease uses a soft, easy-to-filter lithium soap as a thickening agent, using mineral oil as a base oil, it is easy to meet the requirements of low and medium-grade imported bearings to reduce the vibration value. Another advantage is that it has good pumpability, whether it is mechanical fatliquoring or manual grease application. Moreover, the grease is inexpensive and can greatly reduce the cost of imported bearings. However, due to the use of mineral base oils, these greases have been compromised in terms of physical and chemical properties other than rust and rust resistance. If the bearing life can only reach 200 hours, the starting and running torque will be difficult to test at -20 °C. The grease is generally used at temperatures ranging from -20 to 120 ° C. When used at temperatures above 150 ° C, the base oil evaporates too quickly and the loss is severe, which greatly shortens the service life of the imported bearings.
2. Low temperature high speed imported bearing grease
At present, the equipment using precision imported bearings is becoming more and more refined, and the grease used for imported bearings must have the following properties:
(1) It has the same operating life as imported bearings, prolongs the maintenance cycle, shortens downtime and improves labor productivity.
(2) Under the high speed of dn>5×105, it is necessary to ensure that the motor temperature rises low and does not lick oil, thus reducing power consumption and protecting the motor.
(3) The impurity content is controlled under certain standards to minimize the pollution of equipment noise to the environment.
(4) Guarantee the flexibility of starting and running of imported bearings under ultra-low temperature working conditions to ensure minimum output power.
The foreign grease company selects high-purity chemical synthetic oil and some special additives to develop and produce low-temperature high-speed imported bearing grease in high-purity environment and equipment. The disadvantage of this kind of grease is that when it is used over 150 °C, its life decreases sharply with the increase of temperature, and the load and impact resistance are weak. It should be avoided on medium and large imported bearings to prevent boundary lubrication. Sintering occurs.
3. High temperature long life low noise imported bearing grease
Greases used in high temperature and high speed environments should have the following characteristics:
(1) It does not lose at high temperature, that is, maintains a certain consistency at a temperature of about 180 ° C, and does not soften.
(2) Less grease leakage. When the grease is subjected to high-frequency repeated shearing and large centrifugal force in the imported bearing, the lubrication can be returned to the raceway in time.
(3) These greases must have a certain high temperature service life and have good oxidation resistance at high temperatures, thus extending the life of imported bearings and related equipment.
(4) It has a certain mute effect. Because the fiber of high-temperature grease is generally hard, the mute performance in the test of imported bearing noise is far less than that of lithium-based grease.
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IKO plane bearing noise check judges maintenance
In order to determine whether the removed bearing can be reused, check the IKO bearing after it has been cleaned. Carefully check the raceway surface, the rolling surface, the state of the mating surface, the wear of the cage, the increase in the clearance of the plane bearing, and the presence or absence of damage to the dimensional accuracy. For non-separable miniature ball bearings, use one hand to support the inner ring horizontally and rotate the outer ring to check if it is smooth.
Separate bearings such as tapered roller bearings can be inspected separately for the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements and the outer ring.
Large bearings cannot be rotated by hand. Pay attention to the appearance of rolling elements, raceways, cages, and ribs. The higher the importance of bearings, the more careful inspection is required.
The judgment of whether it can be reused is determined by considering the degree of IKO bearing damage, mechanical properties, importance, operating conditions, and the period until the next inspection. However, if you have the following defects, you can no longer use them. New bearings must be replaced.
Although the noise caused by the manufacturing factor of the planar bearing is essentially caused by the manufacturing error, it is actually related to the choice of the lubricant, the mounting condition of the bearing, and the accuracy state of the shaft and the bearing housing. This kind of noise is divided into two types: cage sound and vibrating sound, which are described as follows:
(1) Cage sound and its control method Cage sound refers to the periodic vibration and noise emitted by the vibrating cage and the rolling element, which is easy to occur when the pocket is loose and the friction is large. This kind of noise mainly occurs in ball bearings and IKO bearings, and both the stamping cage and the solid cage occur, which occurs when grease lubrication or oil lubrication occurs, but the radial clearance is large when the lubrication is poor or the lubricant is dry. When the moment and the outer ring are subjected to the moment load, and when the structure of the cage is poor and the precision is not high, it is more likely to occur. In severe cases, the cage web or the rivet head may suddenly break.
Methods for controlling cage noise and vibration are: using lubricants with good lubrication properties; reducing bearing installation errors; radial clearance of compression bearings or appropriate axial preloading, and selection of cages with reasonable precision and reasonable structure Plane bearings, or replace IKO bearings with a strong and unworn cage.
(2) Vibrating sound and its control method The vibrating sound is the noise directly related to the waviness of the rolling surface of the plane bearing. This is a pure tone noise. For a constant speed, its frequency does not change, but for the changing speed. Its frequency also changes.
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Low noise sealed grease for imported bearings
1. General low noise motor imported bearing grease
In the imported bearing industry, this grease is the most widely used, accounting for about 70% of the total grease. Because this type of grease uses a soft, easy-to-filter lithium soap as a thickening agent, using mineral oil as a base oil, it is easy to meet the requirements of low and medium-grade imported bearings to reduce the vibration value. Another advantage is that it has good pumpability, whether it is mechanical fatliquoring or manual grease application. Moreover, the grease is inexpensive and can greatly reduce the cost of imported bearings. However, due to the use of mineral base oils, these greases have been compromised in terms of physical and chemical properties other than rust and rust resistance. If the bearing life can only reach 200 hours, the starting and running torque will be difficult to test at -20 °C. The grease is generally used at temperatures ranging from -20 to 120 ° C. When used at temperatures above 150 ° C, the base oil evaporates too quickly and the loss is severe, which greatly shortens the service life of the imported bearings.
2. Low temperature high speed imported bearing grease
At present, the equipment using precision imported bearings is becoming more and more refined, and the grease used for imported bearings must have the following properties:
(1) It has the same operating life as imported bearings, prolongs the maintenance cycle, shortens downtime and improves labor productivity.
(2) Under the high speed of dn>5×105, it is necessary to ensure that the motor temperature rises low and does not lick oil, thus reducing power consumption and protecting the motor.
(3) The impurity content is controlled under certain standards to minimize the pollution of equipment noise to the environment.
(4) Guarantee the flexibility of starting and running of imported bearings under ultra-low temperature working conditions to ensure minimum output power.
The foreign grease company selects high-purity chemical synthetic oil and some special additives to develop and produce low-temperature high-speed imported bearing grease in high-purity environment and equipment. The disadvantage of this kind of grease is that when it is used over 150 °C, its life decreases sharply with the increase of temperature, and the load and impact resistance are weak. It should be avoided on medium and large imported bearings to prevent boundary lubrication. Sintering occurs.
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IKO plane bearing noise check judges maintenance
In order to determine whether the removed bearing can be reused, check the IKO bearing after it has been cleaned. Carefully check the raceway surface, the rolling surface, the state of the mating surface, the wear of the cage, the increase in the clearance of the plane bearing, and the presence or absence of damage to the dimensional accuracy. For non-separable miniature ball bearings, use one hand to support the inner ring horizontally and rotate the outer ring to check if it is smooth.
Separate bearings such as tapered roller bearings can be inspected separately for the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements and the outer ring.
Large bearings cannot be rotated by hand. Pay attention to the appearance of rolling elements, raceways, cages, and ribs. The higher the importance of bearings, the more careful inspection is required.
The judgment of whether it can be reused is determined by considering the degree of IKO bearing damage, mechanical properties, importance, operating conditions, and the period until the next inspection. However, if you have the following defects, you can no longer use them. New bearings must be replaced.
Although the noise caused by the manufacturing factor of the planar bearing is essentially caused by the manufacturing error, it is actually related to the choice of the lubricant, the mounting condition of the bearing, and the accuracy state of the shaft and the bearing housing. This kind of noise is divided into two types: cage sound and vibrating sound, which are described as follows:
(1) Cage sound and its control method Cage sound refers to the periodic vibration and noise emitted by the vibrating cage and the rolling element, which is easy to occur when the pocket is loose and the friction is large. This kind of noise mainly occurs in ball bearings and IKO bearings, and both the stamping cage and the solid cage occur, which occurs when grease lubrication or oil lubrication occurs, but the radial clearance is large when the lubrication is poor or the lubricant is dry. When the moment and the outer ring are subjected to the moment load, and when the structure of the cage is poor and the precision is not high, it is more likely to occur. In severe cases, the cage web or the rivet head may suddenly break.
Methods for controlling cage noise and vibration are: using lubricants with good lubrication properties; reducing bearing installation errors; radial clearance of compression bearings or appropriate axial preloading, and selection of cages with reasonable precision and reasonable structure Plane bearings, or replace IKO bearings with a strong and unworn cage.
(2) Vibrating sound and its control method The vibrating sound is the noise directly related to the waviness of the rolling surface of the plane bearing. This is a pure tone noise. For a constant speed, its frequency does not change, but for the changing speed. Its frequency also changes.
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FAG bearing lubricant inspection method
Apply a little bit of lubricant to the friction between the two fingers. If there is any contaminant, it can be felt. Or apply a lubricant on the back of the hand and then check the light.
FAG bearings lubricated with oil should be refilled with fresh oil and allowed to rotate at low speed for a few minutes if the old oil is drained. As much as possible, allow the oil to collect residual contaminants and then vent the oil. Note: It is best to filter the oil before use.
For grease-lubricated FAG bearings, when replacing grease, the cutter used should avoid any contact with cotton material in any part of the FAG bearing. Since these residual fibers may be wedged between the rolling elements and cause damage, especially the application of small bearings requires attention to this problem.
When inspecting FAG bearings, never expose the bearings to contaminants or moisture. If the work is interrupted, cover the machine with a piece of oil-paper plastic or similar material.
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Questions about NSK bearing maintenance technology
When to change oil and how much oil should be changed. If the oil change is too small, the NSK bearing will be scrapped in advance; if the oil is changed too much, the NSK bearing will be in trouble or long-term damage to the power coil and the coil.
There is a simple precondition for the lubrication interval: to keep the equipment operating properly under conditions where the NSK bearing does not stop due to drying and collapse. This is a fixed concept of prevention. However, we must maintain a balance between lubrication and hunger and a lot of over-lubrication.
Traditionally, lubrication plans are based on time. Equipment suppliers typically develop lubrication plans based on operating time. And equipment suppliers often add guidance on the amount of lubricant during their maintenance planning.
For the staff, short-term lubricant replacement is very common, and often more grease is added. If the staff is required to change the lubricant every two to three weeks, add one ounce of grease each time. These suggestions started at the outset and they were built on factors that were not known in any practical sense.
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FAG spherical roller bearing damage maintenance measures maintenance method
1, the cleaning of the bearing
When disassembling the lower roller bearing for inspection, first record the appearance of the FAG bearing, confirm the residual amount of the lubricant, and then wash the bearing after sampling the lubricant for inspection. As a cleaning agent, gasoline and kerosene are commonly used.
The cleaning of the removed bearing is divided into coarse cleaning and fine fine washing. In the container, the metal mesh bottom is placed first, so that the FAG bearing does not directly contact the container. When rough cleaning, if the bearing is rotated with dirt, it will damage the rolling surface of the bearing and should be noted. In the rough cleaning oil, use a brush to remove the grease and the adhesive. After it is almost clean, it is transferred to the fine wash.
Fine washing is to carefully clean the spherical roller bearing while rotating in the cleaning oil. In addition, the cleaning oil should always be kept clean.
2. Inspection and judgment of bearings
In order to judge whether the disassembled spherical roller bearing can be reused, it is necessary to check after the bearing is cleaned, carefully check the raceway surface, the rolling surface, the state of the mating surface, the wear of the cage, the increase of the FAG bearing clearance and Whether there are damages or abnormalities in which the dimensional accuracy is lowered. For non-separable ball bearings, use one hand to support the inner ring and rotate the outer ring to check if it is smooth.
Separate bearings such as spherical roller bearings can be inspected separately for the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements and the outer ring.
Large bearings cannot be rotated by hand. Pay attention to the appearance of rolling elements, raceways, cages, ribs, etc. The higher the importance of FAG bearings, the more careful inspection is required.
The judgment of whether or not to reuse is determined in consideration of the degree of bearing damage, mechanical properties, importance, operating conditions, and the period until the next inspection. However, if the following defects are not available, the new spherical roller bearings must be replaced:
(a) cracks or notches on any of the inner ring, the outer ring, the rolling elements, and the cage;
(b) rupture on any of the ferrules and rolling elements;
(c) Significant jams on the raceway surface, ribs and rolling elements;
(d) the cage is worn significantly or the rivet is significantly slack;
(e) There is rust and injury on the raceway surface and the rolling elements;
(f) There are severe indentations and marks on the raceway surface and rolling elements;
(g) The inner diameter of the inner ring or the outer diameter of the outer ring has obvious creep;
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Operation method for correct and effective adjustment of TIMKEN outer spherical bearing noise
TIMKEN bearings are precision parts and require a very cautious attitude when used. That is, the use of high-performance bearings can not achieve the expected performance if not used properly, and it is easy to damage the outer spherical bearings. Most of the bearings are damaged for many reasons - beyond the original estimated load, non-effective seals, too tight bearing clearance caused by too small bearing clearance. Any of these factors have their particular type of damage and leave a special mark of damage.
Therefore, inspection of damaged bearings can be found in most cases. In general, one-third of TIMKEN bearing damage is caused by fatigue damage, and the other third is due to poor lubrication. The other third is due to contaminants entering the outer spherical bearing or improperly installed.
Therefore, what we want to talk about is how to protect it and extend its service life. Who is unwilling to make the bearing wear-resistant and durable? Unless your nerves have problems (hehe), you should pay attention to the following matters when using bearings:
If the bearing is used improperly during operation, it will cause a series of problems, so we should pay attention to these problems in order to find the problem and solve the problem in time to ensure the normal use of the bearing. Under normal circumstances, the outer spherical bearing should pay attention to the following three major matters during operation.
First, check the condition of the running machine and monitor it to avoid equipment downtime.
Second, if the TIMKEN bearing is under-lubricated or over-lubricated, the lubricant contains magazines, the load is too large, the outer spherical bearing is damaged, the gap is insufficient, and the high-temperature friction generated by the oil seal is the same.
High temperatures often indicate that the bearing is in an abnormal condition. High temperatures are also detrimental to the lubricant in the bearing. Sometimes bearing overheating can be attributed to the bearing's lubricant. If the bearing is operated for longer than 125 degrees Celsius, it will reduce bearing life.
Third, it is best to check the TIMKEN bearing and periodically check the oil seal when opening the bearing housing. Check the condition of the oil seal near the bearing to ensure that they are sufficient to prevent hot liquid or corrosive liquid or gas from penetrating into the outer spherical bearing along the shaft. If the bearing is well lubricated and properly blocks debris and moisture, the oil seal should be absent. Wear. If the oil seal has worn out, it should be replaced as soon as possible.
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