Solution to various machine tool spindle failures

Common faults and solutions for CNC machine tool spindles

First, the spindle without frequency conversion does not turn

The cause of the fault and how to deal with it:

1 Mechanical transmission failure: Check whether the belt drive is broken or whether the machine is in neutral.

2 Three-phase power supply to the spindle is out of phase or reversed: Check the power supply and exchange any two power lines.

3 circuit connection error: Carefully refer to the circuit connection manual to ensure that the connection is correct.

4 The system has no corresponding spindle control signal output: use the multimeter to measure the system signal output terminal. If there is no spindle control signal output, you need to replace the relevant IC components or send it to the factory for maintenance.

5 The system has the corresponding spindle control signal output, but there is an open circuit or component damage in the power supply line and the control signal output line: check the power supply circuit between the system and the spindle motor with a multimeter, and whether there is an open circuit in the signal control circuit; Open circuit; contact between the wires is not good; AC contactor, DC relay is damaged; check if the thermal relay is overcurrent; check if the fuse is burnt.

Second, the spindle with the inverter does not turn

The cause of the fault and how to deal with it:

1 Mechanical transmission failure: Check whether the belt drive is broken or whether the machine is in neutral.

2 Phase loss of the three-phase power supply to the spindle: Check the power supply and exchange any two power cables.

3 The inverter control parameters of the CNC system are not open: consult the system manual to understand the inverter parameters and change them.

4 Line connection error between the system and the inverter: Check the connection manual between the system and the inverter to ensure the connection is correct.

5 The analog voltage output is not normal: Check whether the analog voltage output by the system is normal with a multimeter; check whether the analog voltage signal line connection is correct or the contact is bad, and the analog voltage received by the inverter matches.

6 High-voltage control part of the circuit breaker or component damage: Check whether the connection of each contact of the spindle power supply is reliable, whether the line is open, whether the DC relay is damaged, and whether the fuse is burnt out.

7 Inverter parameters are not adjusted: The inverter contains control mode selection, which is divided into inverter panel control spindle mode, NC system control spindle mode, etc. If NC system control mode is not selected, system cannot control spindle, modify this Parameter; check if the relevant parameter settings are reasonable.

Third, the spindle without frequency conversion (shift spindle) is not controlled

Troubleshooting cause:

1 System without S01-S04 control signal output: Check the system for shift control signal output. If not, it is a system failure, replace the IC or send the factory for repair.

2 Connection line failure: If the system has a shift control signal output, check whether there is any open circuit or poor contact on each connection line, and check whether the DC relay or AC contactor is damaged.

3The spindle motor is damaged or shorted: Check the spindle motor.

4 mechanical unfolded: hang up the gear.

Fourth, the spindle has no brake

Troubleshooting cause:

1 Abnormal brake circuit or damage to strong electrical components: Check the bridge stack, fuse, AC contactor for damage; check whether the high-voltage circuit is open.

2 Braking time is not long enough: adjust the braking time parameters of the system or inverter.

3 system no brake signal output: replace internal components or send to the factory for repair.

4 The inverter control parameters are not adjusted: Check the inverter manual and set the inverter parameters correctly.

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What should be paid attention to when installing precision bearings?

The service life of high-speed precision bearings has a lot to do with installation. Pay attention to the following items:

1. The bearing installation should be carried out in a dust-free and clean room. The bearings should be carefully selected. The bearing spacers should be ground. Under the condition of maintaining the inner and outer ring spacers, the parallelism of the spacers should be controlled at 1um. the following;

2. The bearing should be cleaned before installation. When cleaning, the inner ring slope is upward, the hand is sensitive, there is no sense of stagnation. After drying, put the quantitative oil into the row. If it is oil mist lubrication, put a small amount of oil mist oil;

3. Special tools should be used for bearing installation, and the force should be averaged. It is strictly forbidden to knock;

4. Bearings should be clean and ventilated, free from erosive gases, and the relative humidity should not exceed 65%. Long-term storage should be rust-proof as scheduled.

In order to improve the actual fitting accuracy of precision bearing installation, it is necessary to make actual and precise measurement of the mating surface dimensions of the inner and outer circles of the precision bearing by using the measuring method and measuring tool which do not deform the precision bearing, and the relevant inner diameter and outer diameter can be All the measurement items of the diameter are measured, and a comprehensive analysis of the measured data is made. Based on this, the size of the precision bearing mounting portion of the shaft and the seat hole is precisely matched. When actually measuring the corresponding size and geometry of the shaft and the seat hole, it should be carried out under the same temperature conditions as when measuring the precision bearing.

In order to ensure a high practical fit, the surface of the shaft and the seat hole matched with the precision bearing should be as small as possible.

In making the above measurements, two sets of marks indicating the direction of maximum deviation should be made on the outer and inner holes of the precision bearing, and on the corresponding surfaces of the shaft and the seat hole, on both sides close to the assembly chamfer. So that in the actual assembly, the maximum deviation of the mating sides is aligned to the same orientation, so that after assembly, the deviation of both sides is partially offset.

The purpose of making two sets of directional marks is that the compensation of the deviation can be comprehensively considered. Even if the rotation precision of the two ends supports is improved, the coaxiality error between the seat holes and the journals at both ends is partially eliminated. . Surface strengthening measures are applied to the mating surface, such as sand blasting, and the inner hole is inserted through a precision plug with a slightly larger diameter, which is beneficial to improve the matching precision.

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